ABSTRACT
La flexibilización y precarización estructural del trabajo han llevado, entre otros trabajadores, a un grupo de profesionistas de la psicología a identificar en el autoempleo una forma viable para desempeñarse en la actualidad. Esta experiencia ha representado para ellos una actividad performática que los reta a reinventarse continuamente para adaptarse a los cambios del mercado laboral y que trasforma los sentidos y significados que atribuyen al autoempleo. Con el objetivo de conocer y comprender esos sentidos y significados atribuidos al autoempleo, por medio de un estudio cualitativo de las narrativas y asociaciones de tres psicólogas y un psicólogo autoempleados en México se realizó este estudio. Los resultados develan las experiencias de autoempleo como articulación entre nuevas libertades y dependencias, que significan el trabajo para las y los participantes y desmitifican algunas retóricas del autoempleo. Concluimos que es urgente que las políticas laborales y educativas correspondan a estas realidades actuales del ejercicio libre de las profesiones, no sólo de la psicología.
The flexibilization and structural precariousness of work have led, among other workers, a group of psychology professionals to identify self-employment as a viable way of working in today's world. This experience has represented for them a performative activity, challenging them to reinvent continually themselves in order to adapt to changes in the labor market and transforming the sense and meanings they attribute to self-employment. With the objective to know and understand the sense and meaning attributed to work, the narratives and associations of four self-employed psychologists in Mexico were analyzed through a qualitative study. The results disclose the experiences of self-employment as an articulation between new freedoms and dependencies, which signify work for the participants and demystify some self-employment rhetoric. There is an urgent need for labor and educational policies to adjust to the actual realities of free professionals' practice, not only in the field of psychology.
A flexibilidade e a precariedade estrutural do trabalho levaram, entre outros trabalhadores, um grupo de profissionais da psicologia a identificar no trabalho autônomo uma forma viável de atuar na atualidade. Esta experiência tem representado para eles uma atividade de desempenho que os desafia a reinventar-se continuamente para se adaptar às mudanças do mercado de trabalho e que transforma os sentidos e significados que atribuem ao trabalho por conta própria. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de conhecer e compreender esses sentidos e significados atribuídos ao trabalho autônomo, através de um estudo qualitativo das narrativas e associações de três psicólogos e psicólogos autônomos no México. Os resultados revelam as vivências do trabalho autônomo como articulação entre novas liberdades e dependências, que significam trabalho para os participantes e desmistificam algumas retóricas do trabalho autônomo. Concluímos que é urgente que as políticas laborais e educativas correspondam a estas realidades atuais do livre exercício das profissões, não só da psicologia.
ABSTRACT
Resumen El Sentido del Humor (SH) es considerado un fenómeno universal, pero al mismo tiempo culturalmente específico pues cada grupo posee particularidades que modulan la forma en la éste se percibe y conceptualiza. Aunque el trabajo empírico en torno al fenómeno es amplio, éste se ha centrado en la creación de escalas que miden estilos particulares de humor o ciertos dominios humorísticos, dejando de lado el interés por explorar lo más fundamental, es decir, las percepciones y significados generales del humor. Dado lo anterior, el presente trabajo tuvo por objetivos: 1) explorar el significado atribuido al SH por hombres y mujeres, 2) desarrollar un instrumento válido y confiable para adultos mexicanos, 3) examinar la invarianza de la medición de dicho instrumento en función del sexo de los participantes e 4) identificar posibles diferencias entre hombres y mujeres al respecto de los factores de la medida validada. Los resultados mostraron la obtención de tres categorías que son congruentes con los factores obtenidos en la escala diseñada. En cuanto a sus características resultó una escala válida y confiable, que mostró equivalencia entre los sexos.
Abstract The Sense of Humor (SH) is considered a universal phenomenon, but at the same time culturally specific, since each group has particularities that modulate the way in which it is perceived and conceptualized. Although the empirical work around the phenomenon is extensive, it has focused on the creation of scales that measure styles of humor or certain humorous domains, leaving aside the interest in exploring what is most fundamental, that is, the general perceptions and meanings of humor. humor. Given the above, the present work had the objectives: 1) to explore the meaning attributed to SH by men and women, 2) to develop a valid and reliable instrument for Mexican adults, 3) to examine the invariance of the measurement of said instrument based on the gender and 4) identify possible differences between genders regarding the factors of the validated measure. The results showed the obtaining of three categories that are consistent with the factors obtained in the designed scale. Regarding its characteristics, it was a valid and reliable scale, which showed equivalence between genders.
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Objective:To construct a narrative nursing intervention program for patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy based on the meaning in life theory, so as to alleviate the negative psychology of patients and improve the meaning in life of patients.Methods:Using a mixed research design, based on the literature study and qualitative interview, the first draft of narrative nursing intervention program for patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy was constructed based on the theory of meaning in life. From June to September 2021, the Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds experts consultations among 15 experts from 8 hospitals, and the items were revised according to the expert′s advice.Results:The experts positive coefficients of the 2 rounds consultations were 83.33% and 100.00%, the expert authority coefficient was 0.88, and the Kendall coefficients of importance were 0.183 and 0.215, and the operational Kendall coefficients were 0.234 and 0.363. Finally, a narrative nursing intervention program for lung cancer patients based on the theory of meaning in life was formed. It included four modules: narrative theme, narrative content, narrative interview outline and homework assignment/auxiliary measures. It was performed 7 times in each chemotherapy cycle.Conclusions:The construction process of narrative nursing intervention program for patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy based on the theory of meaning in life is rigorous, scientific and practical and can be used to guide clinical psychological nursing intervention for patients with advanced diseases and enrich the way to seek the meaning in life of patients
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We organized regular, student-led activities in which medical students listened to patients' narratives and engaged in casual conversation. This report reviews these activities, which were conducted 28 times between June 2020 and September 2022. Through the activities, we received feedback on feelings, new perspectives, and realizations that arose from both students and patients. Our findings suggest that listening to patients' narratives helped students self-reflect and understand the patients' perspectives. Moreover, interacting with students helped patients feel a sense of meaning and a new understanding of their illness.
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O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo identificar e compreender os significados de cuidado elaborados por mulheres cuidadoras de crianças usuárias de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), durante a pandemia de Covid-19. A pesquisa etnográfica, realizada entre novembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021, baseou-se em entrevistas semiestruturadas de cinco mulheres cuidadoras: duas avós e três mães. Respeitando as orientações de isolamento social, essas entrevistas foram realizadas por telefone. Para essas mulheres, "cuidar é preciso", "cuidar é mudar de vida" e "cuidar é manter uma rotina", mesmo no contexto pandêmico, pois elas seguem cuidando. O cuidado necessário e profundamente arraigado nas práticas cotidianas dessas mulheres evidencia a condição de vulnerabilidade social em que se encontram como cuidadoras mulheres, em um lugar marcado por desigualdades em relação aos homens.(AU)
El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue identificar y comprender los significados de cuidado elaborados por mujeres cuidadoras de niños usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial infanto-juvenil (CAPSij) durante la pandemia de Covid-19. La investigación etnográfica, realizada entre noviembre de 2020 y febrero de 2021, se basó en entrevistas semiestructuradas de 5 mujeres cuidadoras, dos abuelas y tres madres. Respetando las orientaciones de aislamiento social, dichas entrevistas se realizaron por teléfono. Para esas mujeres "cuidar es necesario", "cuidar es cambiar de vida" y "cuidar es mantener una rutina", incluso en el contexto pandémico, puesto que ellas siguen cuidando. El cuidado necesario y profundamente enraizado en las prácticas cotidianas de esas mujeres pone en evidencia la condición de vulnerabilidad social en que se encuentran como cuidadoras mujeres, en un lugar marcado por desigualdades en relación con los hombres.(AU)
This paper presents the results of a study intended to identify and understand the meanings assigned to caregiving by women taking care of children assisted at a Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The ethnographic research was based on semi-structured interviews with five female caregivers: two grandmothers and three mothers. The interviews were held through telephone calls, complying with social isolation measures implemented at the time. These women considered that "providing care is necessary," "providing care is life-changing," and "providing care means maintaining a routine" and kept providing care even during the pandemic. These women's caregiving role is deeply rooted in everyday practices, highlighting their socially vulnerable condition as female caregivers, characterized by inequalities compared to men.(AU)
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In this paper, I analyze General Psychopathology, the seminal psychopathological work of the philosopher and psychiatrist Karl Jaspers, from a dialectical perspective, showing how it can contribute to contemporary psychiatry. Dialectical interpretations of this work are still scarce and generally address the part of the work in which Jaspers makes direct reference to dialectics. Instead, I expose the implicit dialectic by which the overall form of the work is organized. I take the "psychology of meaning" as an example for this dialectical account. I suggest two consequences of this dialectical account of the "psychology of meaning" for psychopathology, which I call intrisec ambiguity and epistemic particularism. Finally, I conclude by pointing out how both notions help shed some epistemological and pragmatic light on the discipline of psychiatry, in a sustained state of crisis.
Neste trabalho, analiso a Psicopatologia Geral, o trabalho psicopatológico seminal do filósofo e psiquiatra Karl Jaspers, por uma perspectiva dialética, mostrando como esta pode contribuir para a psiquiatria contemporânea. As interpretações dialéticas deste trabalho ainda são escassas e geralmente abordam a parte do trabalho na qual Jaspers faz referência direta à dialética. Em vez disso, exponho a dialética implícita pela qual a forma geral do trabalho é organizada. Tomo a "psicologia compreensiva" como um exemplo para este relato dialético. Sugiro duas conseqüências dessa apreensão dialética da "psicologia compreensiva" para a psicopatologia, que denomino ambiguidade intrínseca e particularismo epistêmico. Finalmente, concluo apontando de que modo ambas as noções ajudam a lançar alguma luz epistemológica e pragmática sobre a disciplina da psiquiatria, em contínuo estado de crise.
Dans cet article, j'analyse la Psychopathologie générale, l'ouvrage psychopathologique fondamental du philosophe et psychiatre Karl Jaspers, d'un point de vue dialectique, en montrant comment il peut contribuer à la psychiatrie contemporaine. Les interprétations dialectiques de cet ouvrage sont encore rares et portent généralement sur la partie de l'ouvrage dans laquelle Jaspers fait directement référence à la dialectique. En revanche, j'expose la dialectique implicite par laquelle la forme générale de l'ouvrage est organisée. Je prends la "psychologie compréhensive" comme exemple pour ce compte-rendu dialectique. Je suggère deux conséquences de cette appréhension dialectique de la "psychologie compréhensive" pour la psychopathologie, que je qualifie d'ambiguïté intrinsèque et de particularisme épistémique. Enfin, je conclus en montrant comment ces deux notions permettent d'éclairer d'un point de vue épistémologique et pragmatique la discipline psychiatrique, qui est en état de crise continue.
En este artículo analizo la Psicopatología General, la obra psicopatológica seminal del filósofo y psiquiatra Karl Jaspers, desde una perspectiva dialéctica, mostrando cómo puede contribuir a la psiquiatría contemporánea. Las interpretaciones dialécticas de esta obra son todavía escasas y suelen abordar la parte de la obra en la que Jaspers hace referencia directa a la dialéctica. En cambio, yo expongo la dialéctica implícita mediante la cual se organiza la forma general de la obra. Tomo la "psicología comprensiva" como ejemplo de este relato dialéctico. Sugiero dos consecuencias de esta aprehensión dialéctica de la "psicología comprensiva" para la psicopatología, que denomino ambigüedad intrínseca y particularismo epistémico. Finalmente, concluyo señalando cómo ambas nociones contribuyen a arrojar alguna luz epistemológica y pragmática sobre la disciplina de la psiquiatría, que se encuentra en contínuo estado de crisis.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The feeling that life has meaning or purpose is essential for human beings. Absence of meaning can lead to an existential vacuum. Purpose in life, akin to meaning in life, derives from the humanistic psychology theory of Frankl, and they are considered synonymous. Other scholars, however, regard the two constructs as distinct. The objective of the review was to map both concepts in the gerontological literature, examining how they manifest in aging. The review of the databases was carried out between January 2019 and March 2020. Thirty articles were included. In the context of aging, results were conflicting. The literature review yielded evidence to affirm that meaning and purpose in life are distinct concepts, despite sharing the same existential-philosophical roots.
RESUMO O sentimento de que a vida tem sentido ou propósito é essencial ao ser humano. A ausência de sentido pode levar a um vácuo existencial. Propósito de vida, a exemplo de sentido, também deriva da psicologia humanística de Frankl, sendo considerados sinônimos. No entanto, há estudos que propõem distinção entre os dois construtos. A revisão tem por objetivos mapear ambos os conceitos na literatura gerontológica, examinando-os à luz do envelhecimento. O levantamento nas bases de dados foi realizado de janeiro de 2019 a março de 2020. Foram incluídos 30 artigos. No contexto do envelhecimento, os resultados foram controversos. A literatura revista apresentou evidências para afirmar que sentido de vida e propósito são conceitos distintos, apesar da origem filosófico-existencialista comum.
ABSTRACT
【Objective:】 To explore the network structure characteristics and core items of meaning in life and coping styles among college students, and provide a basis for understanding their relationships and related interventions. 【Methods:】 A survey was conducted among college students using the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Meaning in Life Questionnaire . The network analysis method was used to construct a network of college students’ meaning in life and coping styles, and R software was used for statistical analysis and visualization. 【Results:】 In the network of college students’ meaning in life and coping styles, "believing that time will change the status quo, and the only thing to do is to wait" and "trying to forget the whole thing" had the closest connection. "Learning from others to handle similar difficult situations" had the highest expected impact. "Seeking the meaning in life" and "pursuing hobbies and actively participating in cultural and sports activities" had the highest bridge expected influence. The average predictability value of all nodes was 0.775. 【Conclusions:】 Interventions aimed at "learning from others to handle similar difficult situations", "changing one’s own ideas and rediscovering what is important in life" and "changing some of the original practices or problems" may maximize the coping effect of college students. "Seeking the meaning in life" can furthest influence the coping styles, and "pursuing hobbies and actively participating in cultural and sports activities" can maximize the improvement of meaning in life.
ABSTRACT
A pesquisa apresentada neste artigo identificou significações atribuídas por estudantes do ensino fundamental ao processo de reforço escolar. A partir da perspectiva teórica da Psicologia Sócio-histórica, conceitos fundamentais da constituição psicológica da criança no período escolar foram elencados. Com o referencial teórico foi criado um roteiro de entrevista, aplicado a estudantes de escolas particulares de São Paulo, sendo que este artigo traz uma das análises realizadas, com foco em um estudante. As respostas dos estudantes geraram uma análise qualitativa, utilizando o referencial teórico dos Núcleos de Significação, procedimento de análise elaborado por Aguiar e Ozella. A análise da entrevista de Caio trouxe significações a respeito do aluno que precisa de reforço escolar como sinônimo de "mau aluno", contribuindo para a adoção de mecanismos de defesa por Caio, alimentados por sentimentos de exclusão, monotonia e cansaço com o ambiente escolar. A partir das informações encontradas, os adultos envolvidos com a criança podem reestruturar e orientar de forma diferente o processo de reforço escolar, visando à diminuição ou eliminação dos sentimentos de exclusão e desvalorização que o processo pode gerar. (AU)
The research presented in this article identified meanings attributed by elementary school students to the process of school tutoring. From the theoretical perspective of Socio-Historical Psychology, fundamental concepts of the psychological constitution of the child in the school period were listed. With the theoretical reference, an interview script was created, applied to students from private schools in São Paulo, and this article brings one of the analyses carried out with a student. The students' answers generated a qualitative analysis, using the theoretical reference of the Nuclei of Meaning core, an analysis procedure developed by Aguiar and Ozella. The analysis of Caio's interview brought up meanings about the student who needs tutoring as a synonym of "bad student", contributing to the adoption of defense mechanisms by Caio, fed by feelings of exclusion, monotony and tiredness with the school environment. From the information found, the adults involved with the child can restructure and orient the process of school tutoring in a different way, aiming at reducing or eliminating the feelings of exclusion and devaluation that the process can generate. (AU)
La investigación presentada en este artículo identificó significaciones atribuidas por estudiantes de la enseñanza fundamental al proceso de refuerzo escolar. A partir de la perspectiva teórica de la Psicología Socio-Histórica conceptos fundamentales de la constitución psicológica del niño en el período escolar fueron enumerados. Con la referencia teórica, se creó un guión de entrevista, aplicado a estudiantes de escuelas públicas de São Paulo, y este artículo trae uno de los análisis realizados, con um estudiante. Las respuestas de los alumnos generaron un análisis cualitativo, utilizando el marco teórico de los Núcleos de Significado, un procedimiento de análisis desarrollado por Aguiar y Ozella. El análisis de la entrevista de Caio aportó significados sobre el alumno que necesita refuerzo escolar como sinónimo de "mal alumno", contribuyendo a la adopción de mecanismos de defensa por parte de Caio, alimentados por sentimientos de exclusión, monotonía y cansancio con el ambiente escolar. A partir de las informaciones encontradas los adultos involucrados con el niño pueden reestructurar y orientar de forma diferente el proceso de refuerzo escolar, buscando la disminución o eliminación de los sentimientos de exclusión y devaluación que el proceso puede generar. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Remedial Teaching , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Psychology, Child , Education, Primary and Secondary , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
O artigo enfoca a confluência dos princípios fundamentais que norteiam a física quântica e a psicologia analítica. Destaca a questão de estarmos habituados a lidar com as aplicações práticas decorrentes de ambas as abordagens e a dificuldade de integrarmos suas implicações no que concerne a nossa visão de mundo. Compreende a experiência da sincronicidade como sendo a experiência humana da interconexão quântica e elabora a questão do sentido envolvida nessa vivência, a percepção de fazermos parte integrante de uma ordem mais ampla, a vivência paradoxal da unicidade e do cósmico.
The article focuses on the confluence of the fundamental principles that guide quantum physics and analytical psychology. Of note is the question of dealing with the practical issues arising from both approaches and the difficulty of integrating their implications in terms of our worldview. The experience of synchronicity is understood as being the human experience of quantum interconnection, and the article expounds on the question of meaning involved in this experience, the perception of being an integral part of a broader order, and the paradoxical experience of uniqueness and the cosmic.
El artículo se centra en la confluencia de los principios fundamentales que orientan la física cuántica y la psicología analítica. Destaca la cuestión de que estamos habituados a tratar con las aplicaciones prácticas derivadas de ambos abordajes y la dificultad que tenemos de integrar sus implicancias en lo que concierne a nuestra visión del mundo. Comprende la experiencia de la sincronicidad como la experiencia humana de interconexión cuántica y elabora la cuestión del sentido intrínseca en esa vivencia, la percepción de formar parte integrante de un orden más amplio, la vivencia paradojal de la unicidad y de lo cósmico.
Subject(s)
Quantum Theory , Physics , Psychology , SensationABSTRACT
Com o isolamento social adotado como medida sanitária durante a pandemia de COVID-19, foi instituído o ensino remoto como medida alternativa à educação em todo o território nacional. Frente a tal dinâmica, novos desafios e (im)possibilidades foram postas, trazendo a necessidade de se repensar as relações escolares, o papel do professor e suas condições de trabalho. Utilizando a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, buscou-se compreender as significações dos professores da rede pública frente às experiências pedagógicas durante o ensino remoto através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados indicam que as experiências docentes estiveram associadas a sentimentos de angústia e impotência frente ao ensino remoto e a incertezas do futuro. Concluímos que o período de pandemia gerou impacto nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem, em sua dinâmica pedagógica e relacional, intensificando sentimentos de ansiedade e medo dos professores em relação às suas condições de trabalho.
With social isolation adopted as a health measure during the COVID-19 pandemic, remote teaching was instituted as an alternative measure to education throughout the national territory. Faced with such dynamics, new challenges and (im)possibilities were posed, bringing the need to rethink school relationships, the role of the teacher and their working conditions. Using Historical-Cultural Psychology, we sought to understand the meanings of public school teachers regarding pedagogical experiences during remote teaching through semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that the teaching experiences were associated with feelings of anguish and impotence in the face of remote teaching and the uncertainties of the future. We conclude that the pandemic period had an impact on the teaching-learning process in its pedagogical and relational dynamics, intensifying feelings of anxiety and fear in the perception of teachers regarding working conditions.
ABSTRACT
O cyberbullying é um fenômeno presente em todo o mundo, com incalculáveis consequências para a vida dos envolvidos. Considerando que os estudos interculturais sobre o cyberbullying realizados com os países lusófo-nos se limitam a investigações que envolvem participan-tes do Brasil e Portugal, se evidencia a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento e investigar as perspectivas de adolescentes em outros contextos. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar os significados, experiências e repercussões do cyberbullyingem um grupo de adolescentes do Brasil e de Angola. Um total de 50 adolescentes participaram do estudo, sendo 23 brasileiros e 27 angolanos, com idades entre 11 e 17 anos (m= 13.58 anos; dp= 1.56), majoritariamente do sexo feminino (Brasil = 52.2 %; Angola = 55.6 %), do 6º ao 12° ano de escolaridade. Para a coleta de dados utilizamos entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas e a análise de conteúdo através de uma abordagem mista (categorizações dedutiva e indutiva) foi realizada para analisar os dados. Os resultados revelaram que, embora se verifiquem divergências e similaridades no que diz respeito às três perspectivas estudadas, os adolescentes de ambos os contextos atribuem significados ao cyberbu-llying que remetem a uma perspectiva comportamental e de causalidade do fenômeno. Além disso, os brasilei-ros apresentaram porcentagens mais elevadas em termos de experiências. De modo adicional, os participantes de ambos os contextos consideraram que as consequên-cias do cyberbullying são mais presentes na vida das vítimas (esfera escolar, social, psicológica-emocional e psiquiátrica). Os resultados são discutidos lançando luz sobre o caminho ainda por trilhar nesta temática atual e abrindo perspectivas para novas interrogações.
Cyberbullying is a phenomenon present across the globe, with incalculable consequences for the lives of those involved. Considering that intercultural cyberbullying studies conducted in Portuguese-speaking countries are limited to investigations involving participants from Brazil and Portugal, the need to expand this knowledge and investigate the perspectives of adolescents in other contexts is evident. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the meanings, experiences, and repercus-sions of cyberbullying in a group of adolescents from Brazil and Angola. A total of 50 adolescents participated in the study, 23 Brazilians and 27 Angolans, aged 11 to 17 years (m= 13.58 years; sd = 1.56), mostly female (Brazil = 52.2 %; Angola = 55.6 %), from the sixth to the twelfth grade. For data collection, we used semi-structured individual interviews and content analysis through a mixed approach (deductive and inductive categorizations) was performed to analyze the data. Results revealed that, although there are divergences and similarities regarding the perspectives studied, adolescents from both contexts attribute meanings to cyberbullying that refer to behavioral and causal pers-pectives of the phenomenon. Moreover, Brazilians presented higher percentages in terms of experiences. Additionally, participants from both contexts con-sidered that the consequences of cyberbullying are more present in the lives of the victims (school, social, psychological-emotional, and psychiatric spheres). Re-sults are discussed, shedding light on the path still to be traveled regarding this current topic and opening perspectives for new questions.
El ciberacoso es un fenómeno presente en todo el mundo, con consecuencias incalculables para la vida de los implicados. Teniendo en cuenta que los estudios interculturales sobre el ciberacoso realizados con países hablantes de la lengua portuguesa se limitan a investigaciones con participantes de Brasil y Portugal, es necesario ampliar el conocimiento e investigar las perspectivas de los adolescentes en otros contextos. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los significados, experiencias y repercusiones del ciberacoso en un grupo de adolescentes de Brasil y Angola. Participaron 50 adolescentes, 23 brasileños y 27 angoleños, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 17 años (m = 13.58 años; dt = 1.56), mayoritariamente de género femenino (Brasil = 52.2 %; Angola = 55.6 %), del 6º al 12º año de escolaridad. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas y el análisis de con-tenido mediante un enfoque mixto (categorizaciones deductivas e inductivas), llevado a cabo para analizar los datos. Los resultados revelaron que, aunque existen divergencias y similitudes en relación con las tres perspectivas estudiadas, los adolescentes de ambos contextos atribuyen al ciberacoso significados que hacen referencia a una perspectiva conductual y a la causalidad del fenómeno. Además, los brasileños presentaron porcentajes más altos en cuanto a experiencias. Así mismo, los participantes de ambos contextos consideraron que las consecuencias del ciberacoso están más presentes en la vida de las víctimas (ámbito escolar, social, psicológico-emocional y psiquiátrico). Los hallazgos se discuten arrojando luz sobre el camino que queda por recorrer en este tema actual y abriendo perspectivas a nuevos interrogantes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sex , Tongue , Knowledge , Educational Status , CyberbullyingABSTRACT
O funcionamento ideal das organizações requer que os trabalhadores estejam satisfeitos com suas condições de trabalho e atribuam significados positivos à sua atividade de trabalho. As reformas do sistema judiciário brasileiro criaram oportunidades para melhorar os serviços e o atendimento ao cliente. O objetivo desta investigação foi o de analisar a relação que os trabalhadores da justiça estabelecem entre a avaliação de suas condições de trabalho e a subjetivação de sua própria experiência profissional, entendida como o conjunto de significados que dão a este trabalho. Método. Uma amostra de 1.537 trabalhadores do setor respondeu ao Questionário sobre Condições de Trabalho (qCT) e a uma pergunta sobre o significado da própria experiência laboral. A análise de correspondência permitiu representar em tabelas de contingência as relações entre as categorias de avaliação quantitativa das condições de trabalho e os significados qualitativos atribuídos à experiência de trabalho. Resultados. Aqueles que pontuaram negativamente em condições de trabalho avaliaram sua experiência de trabalho em termos de desconforto, fadiga, injustiça e pouco comprometimento. Aqueles que os avaliaram positivamente avaliaram sua experiência em termos de oportunidades, relacionamentos e compromisso. Conclusões. O estudo fornece fundamentos empíricos e critérios teóricos para um redesenho das condições de trabalho do sistema de justiça que minimizem os riscos psicossociais para os servidores públicos.
The optimal functioning of organizations requires that workers be satisfied with their work-ing conditions and assign positive meanings to their work activity. The reforms of the Brazilian judicial system created opportunities to improve services and customer service. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the relationship that justice workers establish between the evaluation of their working conditions and the subjectivation of their own professional experience, understood as the set of meanings they give to this work. Method. A sample of 1,537 workers in the sector answered the Questionnaire on Working Conditions (QWC) and a question about the meaning of their own work experience. A correspon-dence analysis made it possible to represent the relationships between the categories of a quantitative assessment of working conditions and the qualitative meanings attributed to work experience in contin-gency tables. Results. Those who scored negatively on working conditions evaluated their work experience in terms of discomfort, fatigue, injustice, and little commitment. Those who rated them positively judged their experience in terms of opportunities, relationships, and commitment. Conclusions. The study pro-vides empirical foundations and theoretical criteria for a redesign of the working conditions of the justice system that minimizes psychosocial risks for civil servants
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Resumen El sentido de vida se ha convertido en una importante variable salutogénica en las poblaciones más jóvenes. La investigación ha evidenciado que el sentido de vida está relacionado con la disminución de comportamientos de riesgo, como el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, y es un factor protector frente a diferentes problemáticas de salud, que van desde los eventos cardiovasculares hasta la disminución de la aparición de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar cómo esta variable se asocia con la ansiedad y la depresión en un grupo de adolescentes y jóvenes. Se analizaron los datos de 596 participantes colombianos cuyas edades oscilaron entre 18 y 24 años (M = 21; DE = 1.74; 68 % mujeres y 32 % hombres). Se utilizaron la Escala Dimensional de Sentido de Vida y la Escala para la Depresión, la Ansiedad y el Estrés (DASS-21). En primer lugar, se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de sentido de vida en las siguientes variables: los participantes que reportaron algún diagnóstico de enfermedad, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y estrato socioeconómico. Se presenta un modelo resultante de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales basado en cuadrados mínimos parciales. El modelo tuvo índices de ajuste adecuado (NFI = .84; SRMR = .06). El sentido de vida se asoció negativa y significativamente con la ansiedad y la depresión. Los resultados encontrados presentan implicaciones para la investigación al tiempo que se constituyen en sustento empírico para incluir la variable en programas de intervención y prevención, de tal forma que puedan evaluarse objetivamente y consigan disminuir las puntuaciones de ansiedad y depresión en jóvenes.
Abstract Around 300 million people in the world suffer from depression and anxiety. Both have become, according to the main organizations, one of the first causes of disability and lost work years on the planet. Not to mention that depression is one of the main antecedents of deaths by suicide. Both have a special impact on young populations and adolescents. In Colombia the data is not more encouraging, around 53 % of the young people has at least one symptom of anxiety and 80 % have at least one symptom of depression. Given this data, anxiety and depression constitute important health problems that require sufficient attention. On the other hand, the meaning in life has become an important salutogenic variable in younger populations. Recent research has shown that the meaning in life is related to the reduction of risk behaviors, such as the consumption of psychoactive substances, and is a protective factor against different health problems, ranging from cardiovascular events to the reduction of the appearance of anxious and depressive symptoms. Based on the above, the objective of this study was to identify how the meaning in life is associated with anxiety and depression in adolescents and young people. The data of 596 Colombian participants whose ages ranged between 18 and 24 years (M = 21; SD = 1.74; 68 % women and 32 % men) were analyzed, the only condition to participate was knowing how to read and write. The Dimensional Meaning Life Scale and the Scale for Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) were used. Firstly, significant differences were found in the meaning in life scores in the participants who reported a diagnosis of disease, consumption of psychoactive substances and socioeconomic condition. The highest meaning scores were obtained by people who did not have a diagnosis of medical or psychological illness, who did not consume any psychoactive substances, and people in the highest socioeconomic status. Likewise, there were differences for anxiety and depression, people with a diagnosis of disease and who consume psychoactive substances had higher scores for both anxiety and depression. Women had higher anxiety scores, and people from the lowest socioeconomic conditions had the highest scores for depression. A model resulting from an analysis of structural equations based on partial least squares is presented. The model had adequate fit indices (NFI = .84; SRMR = .06). The meaning in life was negatively and significantly associated with anxiety and depression. The path coefficients of the latent variable meaning in life show an impact of -.49 on anxiety and -.71 on depression. According to the R squared values, the meaning of life explains 24 % of the presence of anxiety symptoms and around 51 % of depression. Regarding the measurement model, both the Dimensional Meaning in Life Scale and the Scale for Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) showed excellent adjustments in the measurement and operationalization of the latent variables. The results found present implications for research, and they also constitute empirical support to include the variable in intervention and prevention programs that can be objectively evaluated and reduce anxiety and depression scores in adolescents and young people, which would also allow to reduce all the negative consequences associated with both pathologies. Other projections and limitations associated with what was found in this research are discussed.
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Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo aproximarse al significado del amor, a través de su expresión escrita, en una muestra de niños y niñas de Lima Metropolitana de Perú, y examinar sus diferencias según sexo y edad. En total, se contó con la participación de 289 individuos divididos en dos muestras: una muestra exploratoria (n = 50) y otra de confirmación (n = 239). El estudio siguió una metodología mixta, a partir del análisis temático como técnica cualitativa para identificar códigos subyacentes a la definición de amor de los niños, y del análisis clúster jerárquico como técnica cuantitativa para generar un dendrograma. Los resultados revelaron la presencia de seis categorías centrales: relación con otros significativos cercanos, romanticismo y amor propio, relación característica entre adultos, estado positivo, afectividad, y apoyo incondicional. A partir de ello, se concluye que el concepto de amor durante la niñez integra tres categorías del esquema interpretativo de las emociones: contextual o elicitador, experiencia subjetiva, y tendencia expresiva/motivacional.
Abstract The aim of the present study was to approach the meaning of love, through its written expression, in a sample of boys and girls from Metropolitan Lima, Peru, and to examine its differences according to sex and age. A total of 289 children participated in the study, divided into two samples: an exploratory sample (n = 50) and a confirmatory sample (n = 239). The study followed a mixed methodology, using thematic analysis as a qualitative technique to identify codes underlying the children's definition of love, and hierarchical cluster analysis as a quantitative technique to generate a dendrogram. The results revealed the presence of six central categories: relationship with significant others, romanticism and self-love, characteristic relationship between adults, positive state, affectivity, and unconditional support. From this, it is concluded that the concept of love during childhood integrates three categories of the interpretative scheme of emotions: contextual or elicitor, subjective experience, and expressive/motivational tendency.
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RESUMO A presente revisão integrativa da literatura tem por objetivo investigar a relação entre sentido de vida (SV) e saúde mental em professores. As bases de dados acessadas para a busca das evidências foram: Web of Science - Coleção Principal, ERIC (ProQuest), PsycINFO, Scopus, SciELO e PePSIC. O período de publicação dos artigos abrangidos foi de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2020 para responder à questão norteadora: Como a relação entre sentido de vida e a saúde mental em professores é abordada na literatura científica? Dos sete artigos recuperados, verificou-se que o sentido de vida está associado negativamente com síndrome de burnout e estresse percebido e proporciona melhores índices de funcionamento psicológico e de satisfação vital em docentes.
ABSTRACT This integrative literature review aimed to investigate the relationship between the meaning of life and mental health in teachers. The database accessed for the search for evidence was: Web of Science - Main Collection, ERIC (ProQuest), PsycINFO, SciELO, and PePSIC. The articles covered were from January 2000 to December 2020 to answer the following guiding question: How is the relationship between the meaning of life and mental health in teachers addressed in the scientific literature? Of the seven selected articles, we found that the meaning of life is negatively associated with burnout syndrome and perceived stress and provides better rates of psychological functioning and vital satisfaction at teachers.
RESUMEN La presente revisión de literatura integradora tuvo como objetivo investigar la relación entre el sentido de la vida y la salud mental en los docentes. Las bases de datos a los que se accedió para buscar evidencia fueron: Web of Science - Main Collection, ERIC (ProQuest), PsycINFO, Scopus, SciELO y PePSIC. El período de publicación de los artículos fue de enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2020 para dar respuesta a la pregunta orientadora: ¿Cómo se aborda en la literatura científica la relación entre el sentido de la vida y la salud mental en los docentes? De los siete artículos seleccionados, se encontró que el sentido de la vida está asociado negativamente con el síndrome de quemarse y el estrés percibido y proporciona mejores índices de funcionamiento psicológico y satisfacción vital en profesores.
Subject(s)
Personal Satisfaction , Mental Health , Life , Faculty , Burnout, Psychological , LogotherapyABSTRACT
El riesgo suicida es definido como la posibilidad de que una persona atente deliberadamente contra su vida y se considera una conducta autodestructiva de causas multifactoriales. El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar los factores psicológicos aso-ciados al riesgo suicida en estudiantes universitarios. Esto se realizó por medio de un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1696 estudiantes de pregrado, 54.7 % correspondiente al sexo femenino y 43.6 % al masculino. Se aplicaron escalas para evaluar sentido de la vida, depresión, esperanza, soledad, apoyo interpersonal y riesgo suicida. Los resultados indicaron que el 50 % de la muestra reportó nunca haber tenido pensamientos suicidas. Sin embargo, el 26.8 % tuvo un pensamiento pasajero al respecto; el 9.9 % planeó quitarse la vida, pero no lo intentó; el 5.8 % realizó un intento suicida sin intención real de concretar el acto, el 5 % hizo planes para quitarse la vida con intención real de concretar el acto; y el 2.4 % efectuó intentos suicidas con deseos de morir. Se evidenció que existe una relación inversa significativa entre el riesgo suicida y la esperanza, presencia y búsqueda de sentido de la vida y apoyo interpersonal. No obstante, los individuos con mayor riesgo suicida poseen puntajes más altos en soledad y depresión. Estos resultados se discuten desde sus implicaciones en el ejercicio clínico
Suicide risk is defined as the possibility of a person deliberately taking his/her own life; this is considered a self-destructive behavior with multifactorial causes. This research aimed to determine the psychological fac-tors associated with suicide risk in university students. This was done through a quantitative, non-experimental approach. The sample consisted of 1.696 undergraduate students, 54.7 % female and 43.6 % male students. Ques-tionnaires were applied to evaluate meaning in life, depression, hope, loneliness, interpersonal support, and suicide risk. The results indicated that 50 % of the parti-cipants reported never having suicidal thoughts. However, 26.8 % had had a passing thought about committing suicide, 9.9 % had thought of a specific (but unexecuted) plan to commit suicide, 5.8 % reported a previous suicide attempt without the intention of actually committing suicide, 5 % had made plans to take their own life with a real intention to commit the act, and 2.4 % had made at least one suicide attempt with a desire to die. Results indicate that there is a significant inverse relation be-tween suicide risk and hope, the presence and search for a meaning in life, and interpersonal support. However, a higher suicide risk is positively correlated with loneliness and depression. These results are discussed according to their implications in clinical practice
O risco de suicídio é definido como a possibilidade de uma pessoa deliberadamente atentar contra sua vida, considerando-o como um comportamento autodestrutivo com causas multifatoriais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar os fatores psicológicos associados ao risco de suicídio em estudantes universitários. Isso foi feito por meio de uma abordagem quantitativa, não experimental. A amostra foi composta por 1696 alunos de graduação, sendo 54.7 % do sexo feminino e 43.6 % do sexo mascu-lino. Foram aplicadas escalas para avaliar o sentido de vida, depressão, esperança, solidão, apoio interpessoal e risco de suicídio. Os resultados indicaram que 50 % da amostra relatou nunca ter tido pensamentos suicidas. No entanto, 26.8 % tiveram um pensamento passageiro sobre isso, 9.9 % planejaram se matar, mas não tentaram; 5.8 % fizeram uma tentativa de suicídio sem real intenção de realizar o ato, 5 % fizeram planos para tirar a própria vida com real intenção de realizar o ato e 2.4 % fizeram ten-tativas de suicídio com desejo de morrer. Evidenciou-se que existe uma relação inversa significativa entre risco de suicídio e esperança, presença e busca de sentido na vida e apoio interpessoal. No entanto, indivíduos com maior risco de suicídio apresentam pontuações mais altas em solidão e depressão. Esses resultados são discutidos a partir de suas implicações na prática clínica
Subject(s)
Humans , Suicide , Students , Mental Health , Risk Factors , Depression , Psychosocial Support Systems , HondurasABSTRACT
Abstract The distinction between meaning and purpose in life remains an ongoing debate in the empirical and theoretical literature; even so, there is general consensus in defining purpose in life as goal-directedness towards living a more meaningful life. Scales measuring this goal-directedness, specifically, rather than broad measures of meaning, are necessary to further this vein of research. The Purpose in Life Test (PIL), developed by Crumbaugh and Maholick in the 1960s, has been shown to be a valid instrument for measuring meaning and purpose. Four of the 20 items composing the PIL comprise the English Purpose in Life Test-Short Form (PIL-SF; Schulenberg et al., 2011), which have demonstrated greater internal coherence and greater precision for evaluating goal-directed purpose in life, specifically. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and factor structure of the Spanish PIL-SF. This validation involved two different samples of university students: sample A (N = 368) and sample B (. = 336). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a 1-factor model, and reliability of the items was excellent. Results suggest that the Spanish PIL-SF is a valid and reliable measure of purpose in life, comparable to the English language PIL-SF.
Resumen Distinguir entre sentido y propósito en la vida, sigue siendo un debate filosófico y empírico en la literatura especializada. El direccionamiento a las metas para vivir una vida más significativa y existencial parece ser una de las características distintivas del propósito. Para desarrollarse, esta línea investigativa necesita cuestionarios que midan específicamente la orientación a las metas, en lugar de la mera asignación de sentido y/o significado. El Purpose in Life Test (PIL), desarrollado por Crumbaugh y Maholick en la década de 1960, ha demostrado ser un instrumento válido para medir significado y propósito. Recientemente se observó que 4 de sus 20 ítems informaron mayor coherencia interna y mayor precisión para evaluar la orientación a la meta como característica del propósito. Estos hallazgos derivaron en una versión abreviada de la técnica denominada Purpose in Life Test Short Form (PIL-SF; Schulenberg et al., 2011). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la confiabilidad y la estructura factorial del PIL-SF en el contexto argentino. Esta validación involucró dos muestras diferentes de estudiantes universitarios: muestra A (N = 368) y muestra B (N = 336). El análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA) apoyó un modelo unifactorial y la confiabilidad de los ítems fue excelente. Los resultados sugieren que el PIL-SF en español es una medida válida y confiable del propósito en la vida, comparable al PIL-SF en inglés.
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Objective:To explore the mediating effect of meaning in life between family care and subjective well-being of family caregivers of community disabled elderly, and provide reference for improving caregivers' mental health.Methods:From August 2019 to August 2020, A total of 526 family caregivers of disabled elderly from several communities in Guangzhou were household surveyed by general information questionnaire, family APGRA index, Chinese meaning in life questionnaire and general well-being schedule.SPSS 22.0 software was used for descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and mediating effect analysis.AMOS 22.0 software was used for structural equation model construction, and Bootstrap method was used for mediation effect test.Results:The score of subjective well-being, family care, meaning in life of family caregivers of disabled elderly were (69.41±19.17), (6.42±2.56), (42.96±7.61), respectively.The family care was positively correlated with meaning in life and subjective well-being ( r=0.275, 0.289, both P<0.01) and a positive correlation was found between meaning in life and subjective well-being ( r=0.345, P<0.01). Meaning in life had a partial mediating effect between family care and subjective well-being.The mediating effect value was 4.304, accounting for 30.6% of the total effect value. Conclusion:The family care can directly or indirectly affect caregivers' subjective well-being through meaning in life.
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Objective:To examine the roles of the threat to self-moderator (intolerance of uncertainty) and the motivational moderator (meaning in life) in the relationship between triggering variables (thwarted belongingness and fear of negative evaluation) and outcome variables (suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior) based on the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior.Methods:A total of 1 325 university freshmen were investigated with the thwarted belongingness questionnaire, the brief fear of negative evaluation scale, the intolerance of uncertainty scale, the meaning in life questionnaire, the positive and negative suicide ideation inventory and the suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised.SPSS 24.0 software was used for descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, and moderating effect analysis. AMOS 20.0 software was used for mediating effect analysis. Results:(1) Female students had more fear of negative evaluation than males ((41.89±9.96), (40.31±10.68), t=2.03, P<0.05). Students from rural areas experienced more thwarted belongingness than students from urban areas ((23.83±8.87), (22.49±9.17), t=2.51, P<0.05). (2) Thwarted belongingness, fear of negative evaluation, and intolerance of uncertainty were positively related to suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior ( r=0.24-0.59, all P<0.001), while meaning in life was negatively related to suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior ( r=-0.43, r=-0.22, both P<0.001). (3) Suicidal ideation mediated the relationship between thwarted belongingness and suicidal behavior ( β=0.34, P<0.001) and mediated the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and suicidal behavior ( β=0.11, P<0.001). (4) Compared to the students with lower levels of intolerance of uncertainty, for those who had higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty, thwarted belongingness had a stronger predictive power on suicidal ideation ( β=0.27, P<0.001; β=0.41, P<0.001) and fear of negative evaluation also had a stronger predictive power on suicidal ideation ( β=0.08, P<0.001; β=0.14, P<0.001). Compared to the students with lower levels of meaning in life, for those who had higher levels of meaning in life, fear of negative evaluation had a weaker predictive power on suicidal ideation ( β=0.20, P<0.001; β=0.12, P<0.001). Conclusion:This study provides empirical evidence to the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior. Results indicate that effects of perceived stress from interpersonal relations on suicidal ideation are moderated by meaning in life and intolerance of uncertainty. Reducing the perceived stress from interpersonal relations, lessening the level of intolerable of uncertainty, and carrying out intervention programs aiming at meaning in life are potential intervention ways to reduce the suicide risks of university freshmen.